To light up with fire

incendo, di, sum, 3 (archaic form of the perf. subj. incensit = incenderit, sicut incepsit = inceperit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 107 Müll.), v. a. [in-candeo; cf.: accendo and succendo], to set fire to, to kindle, burn (freq. and class.; syn. inflammare).

Lit.:

cupas taedā ac pice refertas incendunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11, 2:

tus et odores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 77; cf.

odores,

id. Tusc. 3, 18, 43:

lychnos,

Verg. A. 1, 727:

oppida sua omnia, vicos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 2:

aedificia vicosque,

id. ib. 6, 6, 1:

tabularium,

Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:

Capitolium,

Sall. C. 47, 2:

naves omnes,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

tamquam ipse suas incenderit aedes,

Juv. 3, 222:

classem inflammari incendique jussit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 91:

urbem,

id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 9, 9, 6:

quod primo incendendum Avaricum censuerat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 3, 2:

agros,

Verg. G. 1, 84:

vepres,

id. ib. 1, 271:

cum ipse circumsessus paene incenderere,

wast consumed, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 33, § 85.— Absol.:

nec incendit nisi ignis,

Quint. 6, 2, 28.—

Transf.

To light up with fire, to make a fire upon:

aras votis,

i. e. in pursuance of vows, Verg. A. 3, 279:

altaria,

id. ib. 8, 285.—

To heat, make hot:

diem,

Luc. 4, 68:

igne et tenuibus lignis fornacem incendemus,

will heat, warm, Col. 12, 19, 3.—

To make bright or shining, to brighten, illumine:

ejusdem (solis) incensa radiis luna,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87; Ov. P. 2, 1, 41:

maculosus et auro Squamam incendebat fulgor,

Verg. A. 5, 88: vivis digitos incendere gemmis, to make brilliant, i. e. to adorn, Stat. S. 2, 1, 134.—

Trop.

To kindle, inflame, set on fire; to fire, rouse, incite, excite; to irritate, incense (esp. freq. in pass.):

ut mihi non solum tu incendere judicem, sed ipse ardere videaris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

iidem hominem perustum etiamnum gloria volunt incendere,

id. Fam. 13, 15, 2:

me ita vel cepit vel incendit, ut cuperem, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 12, 1:

aliquem morando,

Sall. J. 25, 10:

(aliquem) querelis,

Verg. A. 4, 360:

in minime gratum spectaculum animo incenduntur,

Liv. 1, 25, 2:

Tyndariden incendit amor,

Val. Fl. 6, 207:

plebem largiundo atque pollicitando,

Sall. C. 38, 1:

juventutem ad facinora,

id. ib. 13, 4:

bonorum animos,

Cic. Att. 2, 16, 1:

animum cupidum inopiā,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 126:

cupiditatem alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 1:

odia improborum in nos,

id. Att. 9, 1, 3:

tum pudor incendit vires et conscia virtus,

inflames, Verg. A. 5, 455:

illam incendentem luctus,

id. ib. 9, 500: clamore incendunt caelum, set on fire with, i. e. fill with, id. ib. 10, 895:

regiam repentino luctu,

Just. 38, 8 fin.:

rabie jecur incendente feruntur Praecipites,

Juv. 7, 648:

quibus incendi jam frigidus, aevo Laomedontiades possit,

id. 6, 325.—In pass.:

nimis sermone hujus irā incendor,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 66; id. As. 2, 4, 14; cf.:

incendor irā, esse ausam facere haec te injussu meo,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 47:

hisce ego illam dictis ita tibi incensam dabo, ut, etc.,

id. Phorm. 5, 7, 81:

amore sum incensus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 18:

(mulier) incensa odio pristino,

id. Clu. 64, 181:

incendor quotidie magis non desiderio solum sed etiam incredibili fama virtutum admirabilium,

id. Or. 10, 33:

incensus studio,

id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:

iratus iste vehementer Sthenio et incensus hospitium renuntiat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 36, § 89:

omnes incenduntur ad studia gloriā,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 1, 19, 44:

imperator incensus ad rem publicam bene gerendam,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

Caesar ab eo (Crasso) in me esset incensus,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 9:

nulla mens est tam ad comprehendendam vim oratoris parata, quae possit incendi, nisi inflammatus ipse ad eam et ardens accesseris,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 190 fin.:

inimicitiis incensa contentio,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 7, 22:

incensus calcaribus equus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 5.— Absol.: loquarne? incendam;

taceam? instigem,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 9:

dumque petit petitur pariterque incendit et ardet,

Ov. M. 3, 425.—

To enhance, raise: annonam ( the price of corn), to produce a dearness or scarcity (shortly before:

excandefaciebant),

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 16 (cf. incendium, II. A.).—

To destroy, ruin, lay waste:

si istuc conare... tuum incendes genus,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 49:

campos,

Stat. Th. 1, 631. — Hence, incensus, a, um, P. a., inflamed, burning, hot:

profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = vehementissimos ardores febris),

Verg. G. 3, 469 Forbig. ad loc.— In comp.:

aether,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 201.

* * *

flamma, ae (archaic gen. sing. flammaï, Lucr. 1, 725; 900; 5, 1099), f. [for flagma, v. flagro; cf. Gr. phlegma, from phlegô], a blazing fire, a blaze, flame (cf. ignis).

Lit.: fana flammā deflagrata, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 ed. Vahl.); Lucr. 6, 1169:

dicere aiunt Ennium, flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi quam bona dicta teneat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 222:

flammam concipere,

to take fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 2:

flammā torreri,

id. B. G. 5, 43, 4:

flamma ab utroque cornu comprehensa, naves sunt combustae,

id. B. C. 3, 101, 5:

circumventi flammā,

id. B. G. 6, 16, 4:

effusa flamma pluribus locis reluxit,

Liv. 30, 6, 5:

flammam sedare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

lumina illa non flammae, sed scintillis inter fumum emicantibus similia,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

solis flammam per caeli caerula pasci,

the blazing light, Lucr. 1, 1090:

erat is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circulus elucens,

i. e. among the blazing stars, Cic. Rep. 6, 16:

polo fixae flammae,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15:

deum genitor rutilas per nubila flammas Spargit,

i. e. flashing lightnings, id. F. 3, 285:

flammam media ipsa tenebat Ingentem,

i. e. a torch, Verg. A. 6, 518; so,

armant picis unguine flammas,

Val. Fl. 8, 302;

for ignis: modum ponere iambis flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 3:

flamma ferroque absumi,

by fire and sword, Liv. 30, 6; Juv. 10, 266.—

Provv.

Flamma fumo est proxima:

Fumo comburi nihil potest, flamma potest,

i. e. the slightest approach to impropriety leads to vice, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 53. —

E flamma cibum petere, to snatch [p. 757] food from the flames, i. e. to be reduced to extremities for want of it, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 38 (cf. Cat. 59).—

Prius undis flamma (sc. miscebitur), sooner will fire mingle with water, of any thing impossible, Poët. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 21, 49.—

Unda dabit flammas, Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 4.—

flamma recens parva sparsa resedit aqua, = obsta principiis, Ov. H. 17, 190.—

Transf.

Of color, flame-color:

reddit flammam excellentis purpurae,

Plin. 35, 6, 27, § 46:

stant lumina (i. e. oculi) flammā,

his eyes glare with fire, Verg. A. 6, 300; cf.:

rubrā suffusus lumina flammā,

Ov. M. 11, 368.—

Fever-heat, Ov. M. 7, 554.—

Trop., viz., acc. as the notion of glowing heat or of destructive power predominates (cf. flagro, II.).—

The flame or fire of passion, esp. of love, the flame or glow of love, flame, passion, love:

amoris turpissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 92:

cuncto concepit pectore flammam Funditus,

Cat. 64, 92; cf.:

excute virgineo conceptas pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 7, 17:

digne puer meliore flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 20:

ira feri mota est: spirat pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 8, 355; Sil. 17, 295:

omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris,

Cic. Brut. 24, 93; cf.:

scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere, sed memoria rerum gestarum eam flammam egregiis viris in pectore crescere,

Sall. J. 4, 6.—

A devouring flame, destructive fire, suffering, danger:

incidi in ipsam flammam civilis discordiae vel potius belli,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 2:

invidiae,

id. de Or. 3, 3, 11:

is se tum eripuit flammā,

id. Brut. 23, 90:

implacatae gulae,

i. e. raging hunger, Ov. M. 8, 849.—

Flamma Jovis, the name of a red flower, Plin. 27, 7, 27, § 44.

Flamma, ae, m., a Roman surname, Tac. H. 4, 45.

flamma, ae (archaic gen. sing. flammaï, Lucr. 1, 725; 900; 5, 1099), f. [for flagma, v. flagro; cf. Gr. phlegma, from phlegô], a blazing fire, a blaze, flame (cf. ignis).

Lit.: fana flammā deflagrata, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 ed. Vahl.); Lucr. 6, 1169:

dicere aiunt Ennium, flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi quam bona dicta teneat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 222:

flammam concipere,

to take fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 2:

flammā torreri,

id. B. G. 5, 43, 4:

flamma ab utroque cornu comprehensa, naves sunt combustae,

id. B. C. 3, 101, 5:

circumventi flammā,

id. B. G. 6, 16, 4:

effusa flamma pluribus locis reluxit,

Liv. 30, 6, 5:

flammam sedare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

lumina illa non flammae, sed scintillis inter fumum emicantibus similia,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

solis flammam per caeli caerula pasci,

the blazing light, Lucr. 1, 1090:

erat is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circulus elucens,

i. e. among the blazing stars, Cic. Rep. 6, 16:

polo fixae flammae,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15:

deum genitor rutilas per nubila flammas Spargit,

i. e. flashing lightnings, id. F. 3, 285:

flammam media ipsa tenebat Ingentem,

i. e. a torch, Verg. A. 6, 518; so,

armant picis unguine flammas,

Val. Fl. 8, 302;

for ignis: modum ponere iambis flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 3:

flamma ferroque absumi,

by fire and sword, Liv. 30, 6; Juv. 10, 266.—

Provv.

Flamma fumo est proxima:

Fumo comburi nihil potest, flamma potest,

i. e. the slightest approach to impropriety leads to vice, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 53. —

E flamma cibum petere, to snatch [p. 757] food from the flames, i. e. to be reduced to extremities for want of it, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 38 (cf. Cat. 59).—

Prius undis flamma (sc. miscebitur), sooner will fire mingle with water, of any thing impossible, Poët. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 21, 49.—

Unda dabit flammas, Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 4.—

flamma recens parva sparsa resedit aqua, = obsta principiis, Ov. H. 17, 190.—

Transf.

Of color, flame-color:

reddit flammam excellentis purpurae,

Plin. 35, 6, 27, § 46:

stant lumina (i. e. oculi) flammā,

his eyes glare with fire, Verg. A. 6, 300; cf.:

rubrā suffusus lumina flammā,

Ov. M. 11, 368.—

Fever-heat, Ov. M. 7, 554.—

Trop., viz., acc. as the notion of glowing heat or of destructive power predominates (cf. flagro, II.).—

The flame or fire of passion, esp. of love, the flame or glow of love, flame, passion, love:

amoris turpissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 92:

cuncto concepit pectore flammam Funditus,

Cat. 64, 92; cf.:

excute virgineo conceptas pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 7, 17:

digne puer meliore flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 20:

ira feri mota est: spirat pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 8, 355; Sil. 17, 295:

omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris,

Cic. Brut. 24, 93; cf.:

scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere, sed memoria rerum gestarum eam flammam egregiis viris in pectore crescere,

Sall. J. 4, 6.—

A devouring flame, destructive fire, suffering, danger:

incidi in ipsam flammam civilis discordiae vel potius belli,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 2:

invidiae,

id. de Or. 3, 3, 11:

is se tum eripuit flammā,

id. Brut. 23, 90:

implacatae gulae,

i. e. raging hunger, Ov. M. 8, 849.—

Flamma Jovis, the name of a red flower, Plin. 27, 7, 27, § 44.

Flamma, ae, m., a Roman surname, Tac. H. 4, 45.

accendo, ōnis, m. [2. accendo], an inciter, instigator; read by Salmasius in Tert. de Pall. 6, where the old reading cerdo is to be preferred.

ac-cendo, ndi, nsum, 3, v. a. [cf. candeo], prop. to kindle any thing above, so that it may burn downwards (on the contr., succendere, to kindle underneath, so that it may burn upwards; and incendere, to set fire to on every side) (class., esp. in the trop. signif., very freq.).

Lit., to set on fire, to kindle, light: ut Pergama accensa est, Liv. Andr. ap. Non. 512, 31 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1):

faces accensae,

Cic. Pis. 5: lumen de suo lumine, to kindle, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. v. 388 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

ita res accendent lumina rebus,

Lucr. 1 fin.; and:

Deus solem quasi lumen accendit,

Cic. Univ. 9, 28; so,

ignem,

Verg. A. 5, 4 al.

Meton., to light up, to illuminate:

luna radiis solis accensa,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17 (cf. id. N. D. 1, 31, 87);

so of the lustre of gold: et gemmis galeam clypeumque accenderat auro,

Sil. 15, 681 (but in Cic. Arch. 6, 14, the correct read. is accederet, v. Halm a. h. l.).

Fig., to inflame a person or thing (by any thing), to set on fire, to kindle, to incite, rouse up; aliquem or aliquid aliqua re: placare hostem ferocem inimiciterque accensum, Att. ap. Non. 514, 22:

quos meritā accendit Mezentius irā,

Verg. A. 8, 50:

nunc prece nunc dictis virtutem accendit amaris,

id. ib. 10, 368 (7, 482, bello animos accendit, is more properly dat.). That to which one is excited is denoted by ad:

ad dominationem accensi sunt,

Sall. Jug. 31, 16; the person against whom one is excited, by in or contra:

in maritum accendebat,

Tac. A. 1, 53:

quae res Marium contra Metellum vehementer accenderat,

Sall. J. 64, 4; with quare c. subj.:

accendis quare cupiam magis illi proximus esse,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 53. The historians use this word very often, esp. with abstract substt.:

certamen,

Liv. 35, 10:

discordiam,

id. 2, 29:

spem,

Tac. Ann. 12, 34 (cf. Verg. A. 5, 183):

dolorem,

id. ib. 15, 1 al. In Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114, praeclare enim se res habeat, si haec accendi aut commoveri arte possint, accendi is obviously the first enkindling, rousing, of talent (syn. with commoveri); cf. id. de Or. 2, 47; id. Phil. 3, 7. And so perhaps Sen. Ben. 7, 9: crystallina... quorum accendit fragilitas pretium, signifies vessels of crystal, whose fragility gives them value (in the eyes of luxurious men).

* * *

candēla, ae, f. [candeo; Fr. chandelle, Engl. candle; hence], a light made of wax or tallow, a wax-light, tallow-candle, taper.

Lit., Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 727; Col. 2, 22, 3;

as a light of the poor, diff. from lucerna, used by the rich,

Mart. 14, 43.—

Hence, brevis,

Juv. 3, 287:

ancilla lucernae,

Mart. 14, 40;

of peeled rushes, used in funeral processions,

Plin. 16, 37, 70, § 178; Pers. 3, 103.—

Meton.

Fire:

candelam apponere valvis,

to set fire to the doors, Juv. 9, 98 (cf. id. 13, 146).—

A cord covered with wax (which preserved it from decay):

in alterā (arcā) duo fasces candelis involuti septenos habuere libros,

Liv. 40, 29, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. Hem. ap. Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 86;

used in cleansing and polishing,

Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 122; cf. Vitr. 7, 9, 3.

dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34:

deflunt,

Gell. 20, 8, 5:

defiat,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63:

defiet,

Liv. 9, 11:

defieri,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. [facio], orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, [p. 530] depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)

Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek aphistanai).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.

Lit.:

ab amicitia P. R.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3:

ab Aeduis,

id. ib. 2, 14, 3:

ab rege,

Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66:

(consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,

Cic. Planc. 35; cf.:

a republica,

id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35:

ab imperio ac nomine nostro,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.:

a patribus ad plebem,

to go over, Liv. 6, 20:

ad se,

Sall. J. 61; cf.:

ad Poenos,

Liv. 22, 61.— Absol.:

civitates quae defecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.—

Trop.:

si a virtute defeceris,

forsake, Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 24, 79:

ut a me ipse deficerem,

id. Fam. 2, 16.—Hence,

As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things;

very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so,

vires,

id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

me Leontina civitas,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.:

res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.:

ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and:

tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,

id. Rosc. Am. 32:

animus si te non deficit aequus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30:

somnus sollicitas domus,

Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.— Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.—

Pass.:

cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.:

mulier a menstruis defecta,

Cels. 2, 8 fin.:

mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,

Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

aqua ciboque defecti,

Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

sanguine defecti artus,

Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.:

si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,

i. e. unable to pay, Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.:

te defecta nomina,

ib. 22, 1, 11 fin. —

Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.

Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).

With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2:

lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,

Verg. E. 2, 22.—

Absol.:

neque opsonium defiat neque supersit,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3;

so opp. superesse,

Ter. Ph. 1, 3, 10:

ut defiat dies,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 63: id. Mil. 4, 6, 46:

numquamne causa defiet, cur? etc.,

Liv. 9, 11.— Trop.:

defectis (sc. animo) defensoribus,

disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 3:

sed non usque eo defectum Germanicum,

weakened, Tac. A. 2, 70; cf. in the foll. no. B. b.—

Neuter.

With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.):

cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1;

so perh.: vires nostris,

id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.—

Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

non frumentum deficere poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.:

fructus ex arboribus,

id. ib. 3, 58 fin.:

ejus generis copia,

id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.:

tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,

id. ib. 4, 20, 2:

vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11:

nisi memoria forte defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3:

non deficiente crumena,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38:

quod plena luna defecisset,

was eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.:

solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set:

qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,

Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct:

ignis,

Verg. G. 352:

lumen,

Petr. 111, 4:

progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,

becomes extinct, dies out, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22;

but deficit ignis,

does not extend, Verg. A. 2, 505:

in hac voce defecit,

he departed, expired, Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.:

mundum deficere,

id. ib.:

deficit vita,

Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19;

quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,

had been lost, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,

grow faint, Ov. M. 14, 483:

deficit Matho,

fails, becomes bankrupt, Juv. 7, 129:

debitores,

Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8:

munimenta defecerant,

yielded, surrendered, Curt. 4, 4, 19.— Trop.:

ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,

nor be disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so,

animo,

id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10;

for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.:

ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4:

deficit ars,

Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.:

pugnando deficere,

i. e. to be deficient, wanting, Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.:

suppeditare Materies,

Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.):

quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,

Ov. F. 3, 674:

defectus annis et desertus viribus,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.:

defectissimus annis et viribus,

Col. 1 prooem. §

12: senio (arbor),

id. 5, 6, 37:

laboribus,

Val. Fl. 2, 285:

vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,

Sen. Hippol. 374:

defectae senectutis homine,

Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3:

in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),

smaller, App. Mag. p. 283.— Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.:

sidera obscura attributa defectis,

the weak, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28.

dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34:

deflunt,

Gell. 20, 8, 5:

defiat,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63:

defiet,

Liv. 9, 11:

defieri,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. [facio], orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, [p. 530] depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)

Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek aphistanai).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.

Lit.:

ab amicitia P. R.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3:

ab Aeduis,

id. ib. 2, 14, 3:

ab rege,

Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66:

(consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,

Cic. Planc. 35; cf.:

a republica,

id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35:

ab imperio ac nomine nostro,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.:

a patribus ad plebem,

to go over, Liv. 6, 20:

ad se,

Sall. J. 61; cf.:

ad Poenos,

Liv. 22, 61.— Absol.:

civitates quae defecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.—

Trop.:

si a virtute defeceris,

forsake, Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 24, 79:

ut a me ipse deficerem,

id. Fam. 2, 16.—Hence,

As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things;

very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so,

vires,

id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

me Leontina civitas,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.:

res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.:

ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and:

tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,

id. Rosc. Am. 32:

animus si te non deficit aequus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30:

somnus sollicitas domus,

Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.— Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.—

Pass.:

cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.:

mulier a menstruis defecta,

Cels. 2, 8 fin.:

mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,

Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

aqua ciboque defecti,

Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

sanguine defecti artus,

Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.:

si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,

i. e. unable to pay, Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.:

te defecta nomina,

ib. 22, 1, 11 fin. —

Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.

Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).

With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2:

lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,

Verg. E. 2, 22.—

Absol.:

neque opsonium defiat neque supersit,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3;

so opp. superesse,

Ter. Ph. 1, 3, 10:

ut defiat dies,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 63: id. Mil. 4, 6, 46:

numquamne causa defiet, cur? etc.,

Liv. 9, 11.— Trop.:

defectis (sc. animo) defensoribus,

disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 3:

sed non usque eo defectum Germanicum,

weakened, Tac. A. 2, 70; cf. in the foll. no. B. b.—

Neuter.

With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.):

cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1;

so perh.: vires nostris,

id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.—

Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

non frumentum deficere poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.:

fructus ex arboribus,

id. ib. 3, 58 fin.:

ejus generis copia,

id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.:

tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,

id. ib. 4, 20, 2:

vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11:

nisi memoria forte defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3:

non deficiente crumena,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38:

quod plena luna defecisset,

was eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.:

solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set:

qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,

Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct:

ignis,

Verg. G. 352:

lumen,

Petr. 111, 4:

progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,

becomes extinct, dies out, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22;

but deficit ignis,

does not extend, Verg. A. 2, 505:

in hac voce defecit,

he departed, expired, Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.:

mundum deficere,

id. ib.:

deficit vita,

Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19;

quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,

had been lost, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,

grow faint, Ov. M. 14, 483:

deficit Matho,

fails, becomes bankrupt, Juv. 7, 129:

debitores,

Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8:

munimenta defecerant,

yielded, surrendered, Curt. 4, 4, 19.— Trop.:

ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,

nor be disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so,

animo,

id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10;

for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.:

ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4:

deficit ars,

Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.:

pugnando deficere,

i. e. to be deficient, wanting, Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.:

suppeditare Materies,

Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.):

quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,

Ov. F. 3, 674:

defectus annis et desertus viribus,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.:

defectissimus annis et viribus,

Col. 1 prooem. §

12: senio (arbor),

id. 5, 6, 37:

laboribus,

Val. Fl. 2, 285:

vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,

Sen. Hippol. 374:

defectae senectutis homine,

Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3:

in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),

smaller, App. Mag. p. 283.— Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.:

sidera obscura attributa defectis,

the weak, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28.

* * *

af-flo (better adf-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Lit., to blow or breathe on; constr. with acc. or dat.—Of the air:

udam (fabam) ventus adflavit,

Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 155:

adflantur vineta noto,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 146:

crinem sparsum cervicibus adflare,

Ov. M. 1, 542:

adflatus aurā,

Suet. Tib. 72. —Also of other things which exert an influence upon bodies, like a current of air; e. g. fire, light, vapor, etc.: et calidum membris adflare vaporem, and breathe a glow (lit. a warm vapor) upon our limbs, Lucr. 5, 508:

veiut illis Canidia adflāsset,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 95:

nos ubi primus equis oriens adflavit anhelis,

Verg. G. 1, 250; cf. id. A. 5, 739:

ignibus (fulminum) adflari,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 22:

adflati incendio,

touched, scorched, Liv. 30, 6:

flammā ex Aetnā monte,

id. Fragm. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 472.—So, adflari sidere = siderari, to be seized with torpor or paralysis (v. sideror and sideratio), Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108:

odores, qui adflarentur e floribus,

were wafted, exhaled, Cic. Sen. 17; Prop. 3, 27, 17.—

Trop., to blow or breathe to or on.

As v. act., to bear or bring to; constr. alicui aliquid:

sperat sibi auram posse aliquam adflari voluntatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13:

rumoris nescio quid adflaverat, frequentiam non fuisse,

id. Att. 16, 5: alicui aliquid mali faucibus adflare, Auct. ad Her. 4, 49.—So poet.: adflare alicui honores, to breathe beauty upon one, i. e. to impart to, Verg. A. 1, 591:

indomitis gregibus Venus adflat amores,

Tib. 2, 4, 57.—

As v. neutr., to be favorable to, to be friendly or propitious to:

Felix, cui placidus leniter adflat Amor,

Tib. 2, 1, 80.

af-flo (better adf-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Lit., to blow or breathe on; constr. with acc. or dat.—Of the air:

udam (fabam) ventus adflavit,

Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 155:

adflantur vineta noto,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 146:

crinem sparsum cervicibus adflare,

Ov. M. 1, 542:

adflatus aurā,

Suet. Tib. 72. —Also of other things which exert an influence upon bodies, like a current of air; e. g. fire, light, vapor, etc.: et calidum membris adflare vaporem, and breathe a glow (lit. a warm vapor) upon our limbs, Lucr. 5, 508:

veiut illis Canidia adflāsset,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 95:

nos ubi primus equis oriens adflavit anhelis,

Verg. G. 1, 250; cf. id. A. 5, 739:

ignibus (fulminum) adflari,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 22:

adflati incendio,

touched, scorched, Liv. 30, 6:

flammā ex Aetnā monte,

id. Fragm. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 472.—So, adflari sidere = siderari, to be seized with torpor or paralysis (v. sideror and sideratio), Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108:

odores, qui adflarentur e floribus,

were wafted, exhaled, Cic. Sen. 17; Prop. 3, 27, 17.—

Trop., to blow or breathe to or on.

As v. act., to bear or bring to; constr. alicui aliquid:

sperat sibi auram posse aliquam adflari voluntatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13:

rumoris nescio quid adflaverat, frequentiam non fuisse,

id. Att. 16, 5: alicui aliquid mali faucibus adflare, Auct. ad Her. 4, 49.—So poet.: adflare alicui honores, to breathe beauty upon one, i. e. to impart to, Verg. A. 1, 591:

indomitis gregibus Venus adflat amores,

Tib. 2, 4, 57.—

As v. neutr., to be favorable to, to be friendly or propitious to:

Felix, cui placidus leniter adflat Amor,

Tib. 2, 1, 80.